- ecology - the environment as it relates to living organisms; "it changed the ecology of the island"
--1 is a kind of environment
- ecology, bionomics, environmental science - the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment
--2 is a kind of biology, biological science
--2 has particulars: paleoecology, palaeoecology - ecology, bionomics, environmental science - the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment